After years of investigation and weeks of delay, the criminal case known as the People of the State of New York v. Donald J. Trump went to trial Monday, with hundreds of citizens summoned to potentially join a jury that will decide the fate of the first American president to face prosecution.
But the ritual of choosing the jury got off to a slow start as more than half of the first group of 96 potential jurors raised their hands to say they could not be fair to Mr. Trump, demonstrating the challenges of picking an impartial panel in a city where the defendant is widely loathed. The judge immediately excused them.
One prospective juror, a woman in her 30s, was heard outside the courtroom saying, “I just couldn’t do it.”
The prospective jurors, who represented a cross-section of Manhattanites of various ages and demographics, filed past Mr. Trump and into the rows of a dingy courtroom. Some strained their necks for a glance at the former president. He stood and turned after the judge introduced him as the defendant, flashing them a tight-lipped smile.
The judge, Juan M. Merchan, welcomed the prospective jurors to his courtroom, and began to describe the case, which was brought by the Manhattan district attorney’s office and accused Mr. Trump of falsifying records to cover up a sex scandal. He is facing 34 felony counts, and, if convicted, could face up to four years in prison.
The trial was born from a long-running investigation that began when Mr. Trump was still president. He was a target of Manhattan prosecutors in fits and starts over five years, spanning the terms of two district attorneys and multiple grand juries. Not until last March did the current district attorney, Alvin L. Bragg, secure an indictment.
And the case only went to trial after a three-week postponement. In recent days, Mr. Trump continued to stall — as he does in all of his legal cases — but Justice Merchan rejected his 11th-hour effort to delay the landmark trial.
The Manhattan case, one of four indictments facing the former president and presumptive Republican presidential nominee, may be the only one to make it to trial before Election Day.
When Mr. Trump walked into the courtroom on Monday morning, he called the case “an assault on America,” adding, “that’s why I’m very proud to be here.”
Soon after, however, amid a dry exchange of arguments between the lawyers, he nodded off, his mouth slack and his head drooping onto his chest.
And for much of Monday afternoon, Mr. Trump was hunched over the defense table as Justice Merchan instructed the prospective jurors.
When the judge explained that if the case ended in a conviction, he would be responsible for imposing an appropriate sentence, Mr. Trump let out a sarcastic chuckle. He laughed again when Justice Merchan vowed to ensure a fair trial, as Mr. Bragg watched from the second row.
Then began the messy process of selecting a jury for a man who for the first time in the nation’s history will be judged by 12 people in a courtroom before he faces millions more at the polls.
The judge has ruled that the jurors, who could face threats to their privacy and safety, should remain anonymous, though lawyers for both sides will know their names and addresses.
The jury selection process pulled back a curtain on the lives of everyday New Yorkers, offering insights into their politics and hobbies alike. One potential juror, asked about her hobbies, said she liked to “go to the club” — drawing a big laugh from reporters. She was quickly excused after she acknowledged having strong opinions about the former president.
Jury selection will be crucial as both sides seek to weed out people harboring bias. Prosecutors arguably have the upper hand in one of the most Democratic counties in the country.
Of the 96 Manhattanites who entered the courtroom on Monday, about two thirds of them soon exited, either because they could not be fair, or for reasons they kept to themselves.
Those who remained answered a list of 42 questions that offered a sketch of their professional lives, media diets and political sensibilities.
Even before the selection process began, the day featured a flurry of legal developments, many of which favored the prosecution.
Soon after the clerk called the case, the judge announced his decision to remain on the trial, rejecting Mr. Trump’s latest effort to oust him.
He also ruled that prosecutors could introduce evidence regarding Mr. Trump’s involvement with coordinating negative and positive publicity with The National Enquirer, a tabloid newspaper, during the 2016 presidential campaign.
And Mr. Bragg’s office asked the judge to hold Mr. Trump in contempt and penalize him $3,000 for violating a gag order barring him from attacking witnesses, prosecutors, jurors and the judge’s family.
Mr. Trump has risked crossing the line a few times. He has reposted articles about the judge’s daughter, a Democratic political consultant, and, this past weekend, he assailed one of the prosecution’s key witnesses: Michael D. Cohen, his former fixer. Mr. Cohen paid $130,000 to the porn star Stormy Daniels during the 2016 campaign to keep quiet about a sexual encounter she said she had with Mr. Trump.
Justice Merchan, a former registered Republican who is now known as a moderate Democrat, is not expected to rule on the contempt request until later this month, and jury selection will not end soon. It could take two weeks or more, and the trial may spill into June.
Mr. Trump alternately seemed irritated and exhausted during pretrial arguments on Monday. At one point, he sat motionless while a prosecutor read his own comments from the infamous “Access Hollywood” tape, in which he bragged about grabbing women’s genitals.
The trial itself will be a remarkable spectacle: a former president will come face-to-face with part of his past that he has tried to bury. Mr. Trump, who might take the witness stand in his own defense, has denied the sexual encounter with Ms. Daniels ever took place.
But prosecutors say that, while serving as president, he allowed his company to falsify records to hide the reimbursements to Mr. Cohen for a 2016 hush-money payment that went to Ms. Daniels.
The 12 jurors, once selected, will have to judge Mr. Cohen’s story themselves: He is expected to be the prosecution’s star witness, confronting a boss he once idolized and now despises.
Prosecutors argue that his payment to Ms. Daniels was part of a pattern: Mr. Trump, faced with a swirl of damaging stories during the 2016 campaign, concealed them to influence the election.
In addition to the payment to Ms. Daniels, Mr. Bragg’s office is expected to highlight two other deals involving The National Enquirer, which has longstanding ties to Mr. Trump.
In one deal, the tabloid bought the silence of a man who had heard that Mr. Trump had fathered a child out of wedlock, a rumor that turned out to be false, and in the other, it paid Karen McDougal, a former Playboy model, who wanted to sell her story of an affair with Mr. Trump.
The prosecution’s witness list is expected to include Mr. Cohen, David Pecker, the former publisher of The National Enquirer, and Hope Hicks, a former aide to Mr. Trump. Ms. Daniels and Ms. McDougal could also testify.
And Justice Merchan on Monday rattled off a list of even more familiar people who could come up at trial, though they might not be witnesses. They included Mr. Trump’s former personal lawyer, Rudolph W. Giuliani, and his current wife, Melania Trump.
Mr. Trump has twice sought Justice Merchan’s recusal, citing his daughter’s work as a Democratic political consultant. Justice Merchan has declined to step aside, noting a ruling by an ethics commission that found his daughter’s work posed no conflict.
“There is no agenda here,” Justice Merchan said in court on Monday. “We want to follow the law,” he added. “We want justice to be done.”
Many of the prospective jurors offered yes or no answers to the 42 questions, but a few provided further detail, including a man who identified himself as a bookseller, who may draw skepticism from the defense, which still has an opportunity to excuse him.
“I feel that nobody is above the law, whether it be a former president or a sitting president or a janitor,” he said.
Wesley Parnell, Alan Feuer and Jesse McKinley contributed reporting.
